Szerkesztő:Kabóca/Román megyék etimológiája
This is a list of the origins of the names of counties of Romania. Many of the etymologies are Romanian interpretations of Slavonic names (e.g.: Gorj and Dolj), as the administration documents in the Middle Ages Romanian Principalities (Wallachia and Moldavia) were written in this language.
| County name | Language of origin | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Alba | Romanian (Latin) |
Named after the city of Alba-Iulia ("The white city of Julius"; also Bălgrad, "White city" in several Slavic languages), probably from the white colour of the city walls |
| Arad | Hungarian | Named after the city of Arad, formerly Urod (11th century) after the name of a Hungarian knight, probably from the root ur meaning lord, meaning a place, which belongs to your (-od/today:ad) lord (úr). |
| Argeş | Dacian | Named after the Argeş River, in ancient times Argessos, probably meaning "shiny". |
| Bacău | Uncertain, possibly Hungarian | Possibly named after a local warlord called Bako, "-ău" is a common Romanian ending for placenames of Hungarian origin. |
| Bihor | Slavic | From vihor (whirlwind) |
| Bistriţa-Năsăud | Slavic and German | Named after Bistriţa (Slavic, "rapid"), a city and river and the city of Năsăud (German Nussdorf, "walnut tree village") |
| Botoşani | Romanian | Several possible origins: botoş (tick), botos (big-mouthed) and botoşei (booties) |
| Braşov | Uncertain, possibly Slavic | Possibly from baras, fortress. |
| Brăila | Uncertain | Turkish origin from the proper name "Ibrail". Among the earlier names are Ibraila, Brilago, Uebereyl, Brailov. |
| Bucureşti | Romanian (Dacian) |
From Bucur, personal name meaning "joyful", cognate with Albanian bukur (beautiful), assumed to be of Thraco-Dacian origin. |
| Buzău | Romanian (Dacian) |
Possibly from buză ("lip"). |
| Caraş-Severin | Turkish and Romanian | Named after the Caraş River (Turkish Kara, "dark, black") and Turnu Severin (Romanian, "Northern Tower": turn is borrowed from German Türm, "tower"; severin is an obsolete Romanian word of Slavic origin meaning "Northern"). |
| Călăraşi | Romanian (Latin) |
From călăraş, a military auxiliary corps of cavalry during the Middle Ages in Wallachia. The word derives out of Romanian călare (riding), itself from cal (horse), Romanian cognate of Latin caballus. |
| Cluj | Latin | From the first part of Cluj-Napoca, deriving either from German Klause, "Mountain pass" or Latin clusium, "enclosing", referring to the surrounding hills. |
| Constanţa | Latin | Named after Constanţa. The city was originally named Constantiana by the Byzantine Emperor Constantine, in honor of his sister. |
| Covasna | Slavic | From cvaz, "sour", referring to the taste of the mineral waters in the area. |
| Dâmboviţa | Uncertain, possibly Slavic | Named after the Dâmboviţa River, of unknown etymology. |
| Dolj | Slavic | From Dolu Jiu, the Jiu of the valley. The Jiu river flows through the county. |
| Galaţi | Cuman (Arabic) |
From gala(t), borrowedto Arabic qal'at (fortress) (also, an unsourced speculation, ascribe the origin to a certain Galatian celtic tribe) |
| Giurgiu | Unknown, possibly Italian |
Possibly from Rossy vel Jargo, Jurcova or Zorio. (see external link). Possibly named after Giurgiu as the Genoese in the 14th century named it after San Giorgio, the patron of their city. |
| Gorj | Slavic | From Gora Jiu, "Jiu of the mountains". The Jiu river flows through the county. |
| Harghita | Uncertain, possibly Dacian | Possibly related to "Argeş" (Argessos), but the peculiar phonetic form indicates that there was an unknown intermediary language that was not Romanian, Hungarian or Slavic, possibly some form of Sarmatian or Scythian. |
| Ialomiţa | Slavic | Named after the Ialomiţa river (Slavic jalov, "barren"). |
| Iaşi | Possibly Sarmatian | Named after the Sarmatian Iazygi which lived in the 1st century. However, this does not explain the existence of other localities called Iaşi throughout Romania. |
| Ilfov | Slavic | Named after the Ilfov River, of unknown etymology. |
| Maramureş | Dacian (probably) |
From mara, derived from mal, "shore", and mureş, "murky". [forrás?] |
| Mehedinţi | Romanian (Latin) |
From the town of Mehadia, possibly be derived from the ancient Latin name of the colony: Ad mediam ("in the middle"). Mehedinţi might also come from Mehadianţi, as -ianţiu/-ianţu is a common ending for family names in the area. |
| Mureş | Dacian | Named after the Mureş river, known to the Dacians as Maris ("murky"). |
| Neamţ | Romanian (Slavic) |
Namd after Piatra Neamţ, neamţ means "German" (from Slavic nemeti). The Teutons built a fortress there to protect the Bicaz Pass, which leads to Transylvania |
| Olt | Dacian | Named after the Olt river, known to the Dacians as Alutus (etymology unknown). The initial "o" could indicate a Slavic intermediary. |
| Prahova | Slavic | Named after the Prahova river. Prahova derives either from prag ("water cataract") or prah("dust"). |
| Satu Mare | Romanian, German | Named after the city of Satu Mare. Satu Mare means "Big village" in Romanian. |
| Sălaj | Hungarian | From szállás', "house, hut". [forrás?] |
| Sibiu | Slavic | From sviba, "horn". |
| Suceava | Hungarian | From Szűcsvár, "Town of the skin-workers", from szűcs, "fourrier" and vár, "city". |
| Teleorman | Cuman | From deli orman "thick forest" (lit. "mad forest"). |
| Timiş | Dacian | After the Timiş River, known to the Romans as Tibisis or Tibiscus, of uncertain etymology. |
| Tulcea | Uncertain, possibly Tatar | Named after the city of Tulcea. Meaning unknown. -cea is a common Turkish ending. There is a town with a similar name (Tulchin) in Southern Ukraine, reinforcing the Tatar hypothesis. |
| Vaslui | Cuman | Named after the Vaslui River, which shows a typical Cuman ending for hydronyms: -ui, "water". |
| Vâlcea | Romanian/Slavic | Romanian for "little valley", from vale, "valley" (Latin vallis). Also possibly from vlk ("wolf"), the name of a Dark Age Slavic warlord mentioned in Hungarian chronicles. |
| Vrancea | Slavic | Ultimately from vrana, "raven". |
Historical counties
[szerkesztés]| County name | Language of origin | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Bălţi | Romanian | "ponds" |
| Covurlui | Cuman | From kurgu, "dry" + suffix -ui, "water" |
| Cetatea Albă | Romanian | "White fortress" |
| Câmpulung | Romanian (Latin) |
"long plain" |
| Odorhei | Hungarian | First part of Odorheiu Secuiesc, from Székelyudvarhely, "Market-town of the Székely" |
| Muscel | Romanian (Dacian?) |
"hillock" |
| Soroca | Slavic | "magpie" |
Sources
[szerkesztés]- This article is based on a translation of the December 10, 2004 version of the equivalent article on the Romanian Wikipedia.