Charaxes

Charaxes
	Tigrislepke (Charaxes jasius)
Rendszertani besorolás
Ország:	Állatok (Animalia);
Törzs:	Ízeltlábúak (Arthropoda);
Osztály:	Rovarok (Insecta);
Rend:	Lepkék (Lepidoptera);
Alrend:	Valódi lepkék (Glossata);
Alrendág:	Heteroneura;
Osztag:	Kettős ivarnyílásúak (Ditrysia);
Tagozat:	Cossina;
Altagozat:	Bombycina;
Csoport:	Rhopalocera;
Öregcsalád:	Pillangószerűek (Papilionoidea);
Család:	Tarkalepkefélék (Nymphalidae);
Alcsalád:	Charaxinae;
Nemzetség:	Charaxini;
Nem:	Charaxes; Ochsenheimer, 1816
Szinonimák
	Paphia Fabricius, 1807; Eriboea Hübner, [1819]; Jasia Swainson, 1832; Monura Mabille, 1877; Haridra Moore, [1880]; Zingha Hemming, 1939; Hadrodontes Stoneham, 1964; Stonehamia Cowan, 1968;
Hivatkozások
	Wikifajok A Wikifajok tartalmaz Charaxes témájú rendszertani információt. Commons A Wikimédia Commons tartalmaz Charaxes témájú kategóriát.

A Charaxes a rovarok (Insecta) osztályának lepkék (Lepidoptera) rendjébe, ezen belül a tarkalepkefélék (Nymphalidae) családjába és a Charaxinae alcsaládjába tartozó nem.

Előfordulásuk

A Charaxes nevű lepkenem elsöprő többsége trópusi elterjedésű. Egyes fajok Ázsiában és Ausztráliában őshonosak, de a legtöbb Charaxes-faj Afrikában található meg. Egyetlen európai képviselője - mint nyári vendég - a tigrislepke (Charaxes jasius).

Megjelenésük

A hernyó fejét négy tüske védi. A báb elülső vége ék alakú. Az imágók erőteljes, nagy lepkék. Felső szárnyuk elülső szegélye a bazális harmadban tüskés, az alsó szárnyon két farkszerű, hegyes kiszögelléssel.

Rendszerezés

A nembe az alábbi 198 faj tartozik:^[1]^[2]

Charaxes achaemenes C. & R. Felder, 1867
Charaxes acraeoides Druce, 1908
Charaxes acuminatus Druce, 1908
Charaxes affinis Butler, [1866]
Charaxes alpinus van Someren & Jackson, 1957
Charaxes alticola Grünberg, 1911
Charaxes amandae Rydon, 1989
Charaxes ameliae Doumet, 1861
Charaxes amycus C. & R. Felder, 1861
Charaxes analava Ward, 1872
Charaxes andara Ward, 1873
Charaxes andranodorus Mabille, 1884
Charaxes angelae Minig, 1975
Charaxes ansorgei Rothschild, 1897
Charaxes antamboulou Lucas, 1872
Charaxes anticlea (Drury, 1782)
Charaxes antiquus Joicey & Talbot, 1926
Charaxes antonius Semper, 1878
Charaxes aristogiton C. & R. Felder, [1867]
Charaxes aubyni van Someren & Jackson, 1952
Charaxes baileyi van Someren, 1958
Charaxes balfourii Butler, 1881
Charaxes barnsi Joicey & Talbot, 1927
Charaxes baumanni Rogenhofer, 1891
Charaxes berkeleyi Van Someren & Jackson, 1957
Charaxes bernardii Minig, 1978
Charaxes bernardus (Fabricius, 1793)
Charaxes bernstorffi Rydon, 1982
Charaxes bipunctatus Rothschild, 1894
Charaxes blanda Rothschild, 1897
Charaxes bocqueti Minig, 1975
Charaxes bohemani C. & R. Felder, 1859
Charaxes borneensis Butler, 1869
Charaxes boueti Feisthamel, 1850
Charaxes brainei van Son, 1966
Charaxes brutus (Cramer, [1779])
Charaxes bupalus Staudinger, 1889
Charaxes cacuthis Hewitson, 1863
Charaxes candiope (Godart, 1824)
Charaxes carteri Butler, 1881
Charaxes castor (Cramer, [1775])
Charaxes catachrous van Someren & Jackson, 1952
Charaxes cedreatis Hewitson, 1874
Charaxes chanleri Holland, 1896
Charaxes chepalunga van Someren, 1969
Charaxes chevroti Collins & Larsen, 2005
Charaxes chintechi van Someren, 1975
Charaxes chunguensis White & Grant, 1986
Charaxes cithaeron C. & R. Felder, 1859
Charaxes congdoni Collins, 1989
Charaxes contrarius van Someren, 1969
Charaxes cowani Butler, 1878
Charaxes cynthia Butler, 1866
Charaxes defulvata Joicey & Talbot, 1926
Charaxes dilutus Rothschild, 1898
Charaxes distanti Honrath, [1885]
Charaxes diversiforma van Someren & Jackson, 1957
Charaxes doubledayi Aurivillius, 1899
Charaxes dowsetti Henning, 1989
Charaxes dreuxi Bouche & Minig, 1977
Charaxes druceanus Butler, 1869
Charaxes dubiosus Röber, 1936
Charaxes durnfordi Distant, 1884
Charaxes elwesi Joicey & Talbot, 1922
Charaxes ephyra Godart, 1824
Charaxes etesipe (Godart, 1824)
Charaxes ethalion (Boisduval, 1847)
Charaxes etheocles (Cramer, 1777)
Charaxes eudoxus (Drury, 1782)
Charaxes eupale (Drury, 1782)
Charaxes eurialus (Cramer, [1775])
Charaxes fervens Butler, 1896
Charaxes figini van Someren, 1969
Charaxes fionae Henning, 1977
Charaxes fournierae Le Moult, 1930
Charaxes fulgurata Aurivillius, 1899
Charaxes fulvescens (Aurivillius, 1891)
Charaxes fuscus Plantrou, 1967
Charaxes galawadiwosi Plantrou & Rougeot, 1979
Charaxes gallagheri van Son, 1962
Charaxes galleyanus Darge & Minig, 1984
Charaxes gerdae Rydon, 1989
Charaxes grahamei van Someren, 1969
Charaxes guderiana (Dewitz, 1879)
Charaxes hadrianus Ward, 1871
Charaxes hansali Felder, 1867
Charaxes harmodius C. & R. Felder, [1867]
Charaxes hildebrandti (Dewitz, 1879)
Charaxes howarthi Minig, 1976
Charaxes imperialis Butler, 1874
Charaxes jahlusa (Trimen, 1862)
tigrislepke (Charaxes jasius) (Linnaeus, 1767) - típusfaj
Charaxes junius Oberthür, 1880
Charaxes kahldeni Homeyer & Dewitz, 1882
Charaxes kahruba (Moore, [1895])
Charaxes karkloof van Someren & Jackson, 1957
Charaxes kheili Staudinger, 1896
Charaxes kirki Butler, 1881
Charaxes lactetinctus Karsch, 1892
Charaxes larseni Rydon, 1982
Charaxes lasti Grose-Smith, 1889
Charaxes latona Butler, [1866]
Charaxes lecerfi Lathy, 1925
Charaxes legeri Plantrou, 1978
Charaxes lemosi Joicey & Talbot, 1927
Charaxes loandae van Someren, 1969
Charaxes lucretius (Cramer, [1775])
Charaxes lucyae van Someren, 1975
Charaxes lycurgus (Fabricius, 1793)
Charaxes lydiae Holland, 1917
Charaxes macclounii Butler, 1895
Charaxes mafuga van Someren, 1969
Charaxes manica Trimen, 1894
Charaxes margaretae Rydon, 1980
Charaxes marieps van Someren & Jackson, 1957
Charaxes marki (a hímet Lane & Müller, [2006]; a nőstényt Turlin, [2015])
Charaxes marmax Westwood, 1847
Charaxes mars Staudinger, 1885
Charaxes martini van Someren, 1966
Charaxes matakall Darge, 1985
Charaxes mccleeryi van Someren, 1972
Charaxes mixtus Rothschild, 1894
Charaxes monteiri Staudinger, 1885
Charaxes montis Jackson, 1956
Charaxes mtuiae Collins, Congdon & Bampton, 2017
Charaxes murphyi Collins, 1989
Charaxes musakensis Darge, 1973
Charaxes musashi Tsukada, 1991
Charaxes mycerina (Godart, 1824)
Charaxes nandina Rothschild & Jordan, 1901
Charaxes nicati Canu, 1991
Charaxes nichetes Grose-Smith, 1883
Charaxes nitebis (Hewitson, 1859)
Charaxes nobilis Druce, 1873
Charaxes northcotti Rothschild, 1899
Charaxes numenes (Hewitson, 1859)
Charaxes nyikensis van Someren, 1975
Charaxes obudoensis van Someren, 1969
Charaxes ocellatus Fruhstorfer, 1896
Charaxes octavus Minig, 1972
Charaxes odysseus Staudinger, 1892
Charaxes opinatus Heron, 1909
Charaxes orilus Butler, 1869
Charaxes overlaeti Schouteden, 1934
Charaxes paphianus Ward, 1871
Charaxes paradoxa Lathy, 1925
Charaxes pelias (Cramer, [1775])
Charaxes pembanus Jordan, 1925
Charaxes penricei Rothschild, 1900
Charaxes petersi van Someren, 1969
Charaxes phaeus Hewitson, 1877
Charaxes phenix Turlin & Lequeux, 1993
Charaxes phoebus Butler, 1866
Charaxes phraortes Doubleday, 1847
Charaxes plantroui Minig, 1975
Charaxes plateni Staudinger, 1889
Charaxes pleione (Godart, 1824)
Charaxes pollux (Cramer, 1775)
Charaxes pondoensis van Someren, 1967
Charaxes porthos Grose-Smith, 1883
Charaxes prettejohni Collins, 1990
Charaxes protoclea Feisthamel, 1850
Charaxes psaphon Westwood, 1847
Charaxes pseudophaeus van Someren, 1975
Charaxes pythodoris Hewitson, 1873
Charaxes richelmanni Röber, 1936
Charaxes saperanus Poulton, 1926
Charaxes schiltzei Bouyer, 1991
Charaxes setan Detani, 1983
Charaxes sidamo Plantrou & Rougeot, 1979
Charaxes smaragdalis Butler, [1866]
Charaxes solon (Fabricius, 1793)
Charaxes subornatus Schultze, 1916
Charaxes subrubidus van Someren, 1972
Charaxes superbus Schultze, 1909
Charaxes taverniersi Berger, 1975
Charaxes tectonis Jordan, 1937
Charaxes teissieri Darge & Minig, 1984
Charaxes thomasius Staudinger, 1886
Charaxes thysi Capronnier, 1889
Charaxes tiridates (Cramer, 1777)
Charaxes turlini Minig & Plantrou, 1978
Charaxes usambarae van Someren & Jackson, 1952
Charaxes vansoni van Someren, 1975
Charaxes varanes (Cramer, 1764)
Charaxes variata van Someren, 1969
Charaxes velox Ogilvie-Grant, 1899
Charaxes viola Butler, 1866
Charaxes violetta Grose-Smith, 1885
Charaxes viossati Canu, 1991
Charaxes virescens Bouyer, 1991
Charaxes virilis van Someren & Jackson, 1952
Charaxes williami Henning, 2002
Charaxes xiphares (Stoll, [1781])
Charaxes zambeziensis Henning & Henning, 1994
Charaxes zelica Butler, 1869
Charaxes zingha (Stoll, 1780)
Charaxes zoolina (Westwood, [1850])

Jegyzetek

↑ Woodhall, Steve. Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa. Cape Town, South Africa: Struik (2005). ISBN 978-1-86872-724-7
↑ "Charaxes Ochsenheimer, 1816" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms

Források

Rovartani Lapok 1906. március
Aduse-Poku K., Vingerhoedt E., Wahlberg N., 2009. Out-of-Africa again: a phylogenetic hypothesis of the genus Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) based on five gene regions. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2009 Nov; 53(2): 463-78. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2009.06.021
Henning, Stephen Frank (1989). The Charaxinae Butterflies of Africa Aloe Books. Johannesburg. ISBN 0-620-12811-9
Turlin, Bernard (2005-2007). Butterflies of the World. Erich Bauer, Thomas Franckenbach Parts 22, 25, 28, 32, Charaxes 1-4 Goecke & Evers ISBN 9783937783321.
Victor Gurney Logan Van Someren (1963-1975). Revisional Notes on the African Charaxes. Pts 1-10. 652 pages 148 plates. This page gives part details and links to full text and plates (monochrome photos).
Walter Rothschild and Karl Jordan (1898). A monograph of Charaxes and the allied prionopterous genera. Novitates Zoologicae Volume 5:545-601 [1]; 1899 Volume 6: 220-286 [2]: 1900 Volume 7:287-524. [3] Descriptions and plates (monochrome photos).
Müller, Chris J.; Wahlberg, Niklas; Beheregaray, Luciano B. (2010). After Africa: The evolutionary history and systematics of the genus Charaxes Ochsenheimer (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in the Indo-Pacific region. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 100(2): 457–481.
Jacques Plantrou, Jacques (1973). Note sur les Charaxes de l'Afrique occidentale. 1 (Lep. Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 78 (7-8):268-276.
Plantrou, Jacques (1974). Note sur les Charaxes de l'Afrique occidentale, 2 (Lep. Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 79 (5-6):125-131.
Plantrou, Jacques (1983). Systématique biogéographie et évolution des Charaxes africains (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae) Paris, Ecole normale supérieure, Laboratoire de zoologie (Series:Publications du Laboratoire de zoologie, Ecole normale supérieure, no 25.) ISBN 9782728800926.
Aduse-Poku K, Vingerhoedt E, Wahlberg N. (2009). Out-of-Africa again: a phylogenetic hypothesis of the genus Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) based on five gene regions. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 53(2):463-78. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2009.06.021.
Collins, S.C., Congdon, T.C.E. & Bampton, I. 2017. Review of the Charaxes gallagheri complex resulting in two new species and undescribed morphs of Charaxes gallagheri van Son, 1962 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Charaxinae). Entomologia Africana 22(1): 19-30. reference page

További információk

African Charaxes Eric Vingerhoedt Archiválva 2014. december 17-i dátummal a Wayback Machine-ben Superb. In French as Charaxes Africains
Images at Consortium for the Barcode of Life|Bold Archiválva 2015. szeptember 23-i dátummal a Wayback Machine-ben
Charaxes at EOL
Pteron In Japanese, with an excellent photo collection. Identified images have [binomial names.
TOL Tree of Life Web Project|Tree of Life Clade.
SÁFIÁN Sz., COLLINS, S.C., KORMOS, B. SIKLÓSI, A. (2009): African Butterfly Database version 1.0 – www.abdb-africa.org Bibliography of African Charaxes via search.
African Butterfly Database Range maps via search

Biológiaportál • összefoglaló, színes tartalomajánló lap

[Woodhall-1] Woodhall, Steve. Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa. Cape Town, South Africa: Struik (2005). ISBN 978-1-86872-724-7

[2] "Charaxes Ochsenheimer, 1816" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms

[1]

[2]